Meet the Press FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES As the Covid national emergency ends, what was its overall impact? By the numbers ... More than 1.1 million Americans died. Only 281 died in the past week. 81% got at least 1 vaccine dose. The U.S. economy is estimated to have a [...]

Lessons from the Covid War: An Investigative Report "We are as vulnerable to a pandemic today as we were at the beginning of 2020." --- Philip Zelikow The Covid-19 emergency is officially ending, but is the U.S. ready for the next pandemic? My conversation with Philip Zelikow, [...]

FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES THE WASHINGTON POST. White House launching $5 billion program to speed coronavirus vaccines. ‘Project Next Gen’ would succeed ‘Operation Warp Speed’ with a mission to develop next-generation vaccines and therapies. 10 APRIL 2023 By Dan Diamond Updated April 10, 2023 at 5:57 [...]

Estimated DEATHS from COVID: Between 17,500,000 and 29,800,000 Lives Lost to SARS-CoV-2 THE ECONOMIST. The pandemic’s true death toll. Updated 31 March 2023. FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES How many people have died because of the covid-19 pandemic? The answer depends both on the data available, and on how you define “because”. [...]

BOOK. The AI Revolution in Medicine: GPT-4 and Beyond. by Peter Lee, Carey Goldberg, Isaac Kohane. AMAZON PUBLICATION DATE: May 3, 2023 AI is about to transform medicine. Here's what you need to know right now. ''The development of AI is as fundamental as the creation of the personal computer. [...]

Global Health Diplomacy, Science And Innovation - Dr. John-Arne Røttingen, MD, Ph.D., Ambassador for Global Health Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, joins me on Progress, Potential, And Possibilities. Linkedin Links: CEPI (Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations) Norwegian Institute of Public Health Blavatnik School of Government, University of [...]

Will ChatGPT transform healthcare? "Within a constructive and alert regulatory environment, DL-based language models could have a transformative impact in healthcare, augmenting rather than replacing human expertise, and ultimately improving quality of life for many patients... This means that the use of ChatGPT and other language models in healthcare will require [...]

SCIENCE. RESEARCH ARTICLE. STRUCTURE PREDICTION.Evolutionary-scale prediction of atomic-level protein structure with a language modelDOWNLOAD PDFSpeedy structures from single sequencesMachine learning methods for protein structure prediction have taken advantage of the evolutionary information present in multiple sequence alignments to derive accurate structural information, but predicting structure accurately from a single sequence [...]

Disease-X Simulation. Opinion. What if the Next Pandemic Happened Tomorrow? The New York Times FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES This is part of a series on preparing for future outbreaks. Sign up for The Next Pandemic newsletter. Sign up for The Next Pandemic newsletter. It’s been three years since the Covid-19 [...]

HEALTH Covid backlash hobbles public health and future pandemic response - The Washington Post Lawsuits and legislation have stripped public health officials of their powers in three years By Lauren Weber and  Joel Achenbach March 8, 2023 at 6:00 a.m. EST When the next pandemic sweeps the United States, health [...]

Research US public investment in development of mRNA covid-19 vaccines: retrospective cohort study Conclusions The US government invested at least $31.9bn to develop, produce, and purchase mRNA covid-19 vaccines, including sizeable investments in the three decades before the pandemic through March 2022. These public investments translated into millions of lives [...]

Editorials Financing covid-19 mRNA vaccines BMJ 2023; 380 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p413 (Published 01 March 2023)Cite this as: BMJ 2023;380:p413 FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES Public risk taking, private rewards Since the launch of their covid-19 vaccines, Moderna and Pfizer have accumulated more than $100bn (£83; €94) in global revenues from sales—more than 20 [...]

DR ERIC TOPOL. GROUND TRUTHS. Heart attacks and strokes late after Covid. The body of evidence expands. FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Back in February 2022, Ziyad Al-Aly and his colleagues from Washington University published a seminal paper about major adverse cardiovascular outcomes at one year following Covid infections. It was [...]

Is the United States Ready for Back-to-Back Pandemics? Feb. 22, 2023 - The New York Times FOR EDUCATIONAL AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING PURPOSES. (BOLD ITALICS FOR EMPHASIS) By David Wallace-Wells, Opinion Writer Whatever happened to our Roaring Twenties? In the first year of the pandemic, it was common to hear predictions that [...]

One-Fourth of COVID-19 Patients Have an Impaired Pulmonary Function after 12 Months of Illness Onset - THE LANCET 24 Feb 2023 Abstract Background: This longitudinal study evaluates the extent of impaired pulmonary function over time after SARS-CoV-2 infection across the full spectrum of COVID-19 severity. Methods: Pulmonary function was measured [...]

The recent bird flu outbreak has been circling the globe since October 2021. BBC NEWS. H5N1: Cambodian girl dies in rare bird flu case. 24 FEB 2023 FOR EDUCATIONAL AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING PURPOSES An 11-year-old girl in Cambodia has died from the country's first known human case of bird flu [...]

NATURE. Assessing the impact of one million COVID-19 deaths in America: economic and life expectancy losses Published: 22 February 2023 Sachin Silva, Eric Goosby & Michael J. A. Reid Abstract. Between February 2020 and May 2022, one million Americans have died of COVID-19. To determine the contribution of those deaths [...]

Sanders targets drug companies over COVID-19 vaccine price hikes, high prescription costs Full transcript: Sen. Bernie Sanders on "Face the Nation," Feb. 19, 2023 .@SenSanders says it was an “amazing” & maybe a “wild and crazy” coincidence that Moderna announced a patient-assistance plan to give free [...]

Making Medical Science More Democratic. Patient groups are collaborating with medical researchers as never before, creating a new model for progress against long Covid and other diseases - WSJ FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES By Amy Dockser Marcus Feb. 10, 2023 11:00 am ET Members of the nascent British Association for the Advancement [...]

WHO. Equatorial Guinea confirms first-ever Marburg virus disease outbreak. 13 February 2023 Marburg virus disease is a highly virulent disease that causes haemorrhagic fever, with a fatality ratio of up to 88%. There are no vaccines or antiviral treatments approved to treat the Marburg virus Brazzaville/Malabo – Equatorial Guinea today [...]

SKY NEWS. Bird flu: Don't assume risk to humans will remain low, WHO warns - 9 FEB France24. Peru reports hundreds of sea lion deaths due to bird flu - 8 FEB  DAILY MAIL. Bird flu warning as top experts say world is 'nowhere near' ready for 'frightening' and inevitable [...]

THE POST'S VIEW The U.S. Census Bureau added questions about long covid to its Household Pulse Survey last year, and the results suggest, according to a Brookings Institution analysis, that some 3 million Americans might be out of the workforce due to long covid. That’s 1.8 percent of the entire [...]

When M.D. is a Machine Doctor - Dr. Eric Topol, Ground Truths Helping medical doctors and patients in the Foundation Model A.I. era FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES Eric Topol Jan 15 "Back in 2019, I wrote Deep Medicine, a book centered on the role that deep learning will have on transforming [...]

"Countries globally remain vulnerable to the emergence or introduction of a novel pathogen that could cause a devastating new pandemic." HEALTH SECURITY INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. SOURCE: ANNUAL THREAT ASSESSMENT OF THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY February 6, 2023 Now entering its [...]

STATISTICS AND SAFETY. 13.26 billion Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations. (668 million in U.S.) COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Surveillance - FDA and CDC Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations - Our World in Data 69.4% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. 13.26 billion doses have been administered globally, [...]

Human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus - 06 JAN 2023 H5N1: a case fatality rate (CFR) of 56% Between 23 December 2022 and 5 January 2023, no new cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus were reported to WHO in the Western Pacific Region. As of [...]

OPINION. ZEYNEP TUFEKCI. An Even Deadlier Pandemic Could Soon Be Here Feb. 3, 2023 FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES As the world is just beginning to recover from the devastation of Covid-19, it is facing the possibility of a pandemic of a far more deadly pathogen. Bird flu — known more [...]

REPRINTED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES Avian flu spills over from birds to mammals in UK. BBC NEWS 02 FEB 2023 REPRINTED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES By Claire Marshall & Malcolm Prior BBC News Rural Affairs team The largest ever outbreak of bird flu is spilling over into mammals, including otters and foxes [...]

Statement on the fourteenth meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic 30 January 2023. Statement. Reading time: 8 min (2093 words) The WHO Director-General has the pleasure of transmitting the Report of the fourteenth meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR) Emergency [...]

Monitoring Variant Proportions. CDC SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is constantly changing and accumulating mutations in its genetic code over time. New variants of SARS-CoV-2 are expected to continue to emerge. Some variants will emerge and disappear, while others will emerge and continue to spread and may [...]

NEWS. NPR. FDA considers major shift in COVID vaccine strategy. 23 JAN 2023 FDA. Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting. January 23, 2023 The Food and Drug Administration is considering a major shift in the nation's COVID-19 vaccine strategy. The goal is to simplify vaccination against COVID and perhaps [...]

BIRD FLU REPORT. 19 JANUARY 2023. Remember the MINK OUTBREAK in Denmark at the height of COVID-19 pandemic? Bird Flu in mammals (i.e. mink) is extremely dangerous... The H5N1 mutation (T271A) in the PB2 gene enables transmission... Factsheet on A(H5N1). Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A(H5N1). "The overall case–fatality [...]

CONTAGION (2011) TRAILER (2:28). "Someone doesn't have to weaponise the bird flu. The birds are doing that." www.contagionmovie.com ABOUT: Oscar®-winning filmmaker Steven Soderbergh (Ocean's Eleven films, Traffic) returns to large-scale cinema with this global action thriller that revolves around the threat of a deadly outbreak of a fatal [...]

The Extreme Cost of the COVID-19 Pandemic (with references) HUMAN COST • 22+ Million Lives Lost (2020-22). The Economist • 65+ Million People Disabled by Long Covid (2020-22). BMJ and JAMA 6.2% of infections resulting in Long COVID ECONOMIC COST • $28 Trillion Dollars Lost (2020-22). IMF  and JAMA [...]

NATURE REVIEW MICROBIOLOGY. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. 13 JAN 2023. "At least 65 million individuals worldwide are estimated to have long COVID, with cases increasing daily." nature > nature reviews microbiology> review articles Download PDF Review Article Published: 13 January 2023 Hannah E. Davis, Lisa McCorkell, Julia [...]

Source: https://gisaid.org/hcov-19-analysis-update/ NEWS. ECDC. 9 Jan 2023. Update on SARS-CoV-2 variants: ECDC assessment of the XBB.1.5 sub-lineage. XBB.1.5 is a sub-lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 lineage XBB, and is currently estimated to have a large growth advantage over previously circulating lineages in North America (109%) and Europe (113%), although these [...]

GROUND TRUTHS by ERIC TOPOL. The bivalent vaccine booster outperforms. A review of the cumulative body of evidence. You may recall that I was a skeptic about the bivalent BA.5 vaccine when the FDA gave it the OK to roll out in September without any human data. At the very [...]

Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. NEWS. NATURE. 09 January 2023. Coronavirus variant XBB.1.5 rises in the United States — is it a global threat? Prevalence of a new subvariant of Omicron is increasing, but whether it will cause a big surge in infections or [...]

Moderna Considers Price of $110-$130 for Covid-19 Vaccine - WSJ Commercial price is similar to Pfizer’s plans for after government contracting Jan 9 2023 (Reuters) - Moderna Inc (MRNA.O) is considering pricing its COVID-19 shot at $110 to $130 per dose in the United States when it shifts from government [...]

Gianluca Vialli DIED on 8th of January 2023 from (secondary) Pancreatic Cancer: Gianluca Vialli, former Italy, Juventus and Chelsea striker, dies aged 58 - The Guardian Obituary. Gianluca Vialli. Dynamic, intelligent forward for Chelsea, Juventus, Sampdoria and Italy who became the first Italian to manage a top-flight English football [...]

WHO Report. In the past 20 years, 870 cases of human infection with the avian influenza H5N1 virus have been reported in 21 countries. Of these cases, 457 were fatal, representing a alarming case fatality rate (CFR) of 52.5% meaning about 1 out of 2 reported infections resulted in DEATH. [...]

XBB.1.5 variant summarised by Dr. Eric Topol XBB.1.5 doubles in U.S in 1 week, out-competing all variants. NOW 40% The fastest growth of a new variant since Omicron BA.1 a year ago... Dec 17-24 = 18% of cases Dec 25-31 = 40% of cases Northeast = 75% of cases World [...]

In China, 250,000,000 SARS-CoV-2  infections (estimated) in December 2022. Each infected person carries an estimated 1–100 billion virions during peak infection. Source. Assuming minimum 1 billion virions per person in 250 million people = 250 Quintillion virions (19 zeros) In China, SARS-CoV-2 virions (minimum) replicating every day: 250,000,000,000,000,000,000 Random evolution of SARS-CoV-2 [...]

Monitoring Variant Proportions.  SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is constantly changing and accumulating mutations in its genetic code over time. New variants of SARS-CoV-2 are expected to continue to emerge. Some variants will emerge and disappear, while others will emerge and continue to spread and may replace [...]

NATURE. EDITORIAL. 23 December 2022. There’s no room for COVID complacency in 2023. Models suggest China could see up to one million deaths in 2023.  FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. Stark scenes from China show the pandemic is far from over. One solution is a laser-like focus on strengthening public-health systems. In many places, [...]

GROUND TRUTHS. FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. As everyone who has been following the Omicron family of SARS-CoV-2 descendants in recent months, there’s a swarm of new subvariants. One of these is XBB, which is a recombinant (fusion) of 2 different BA.2 variants, BJ.1 (BA.2.10.1.1) and BA.2.75 (BA.2.75.3.1.1.1), depicted below by both the [...]

Bloomberg reports the tsunami of Covid-19 that’s taking hold across China is spurring concern that a dangerous new virus variant could emerge for the first time in more than a year, just as genetic sequencing to catch such a threat is dwindling. The Financial Times reports that internal modelling estimates [...]

Of about 10,000 diseases in humans, only 500 are currently treatable. mRNA technology-based products could be relevant for most diseases and conditions. TRANSCRIPT: Pharma’s Almanac. Nigel Walker Interviews Peter Jensen, CEO and Chairman of Normax NIGEL.  Good afternoon.  My name is Nigel Walker [...]

Two Years of U.S. COVID-19 Vaccines Have Prevented Millions of Hospitalizations and Deaths FINDINGS. From December 2020 through November 2022, we estimate that the COVID-19 vaccination program in the U.S. prevented more than 18.5 million additional hospitalizations and 3.2 million additional deaths. Without vaccination, there would have been nearly 120 [...]

Retrospectively modeling the effects of increased global vaccine sharing on the COVID-19 pandemic - NATURE In total, we estimate that a full vaccine sharing scenario would have prevented 295.8 million infections and 1.3 million deaths worldwide (as a direct result of COVID-19) by the end of 2021 without any associated [...]

4 NOV Pfizer PR 18 NOV Pfizer PR Bivalent booster elicited approximately 4-fold higher neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sublineages compared to the original COVID-19 vaccine in individuals older than 55 years of age One-month after a 30-µg booster dose of the bivalent vaccine, [...]

Review Article Published: 03 November 2022 Unlocking the promise of mRNA therapeutics Eduarde Rohner, Ran Yang, Kylie S. Foo, Alexander Goedel & Kenneth R. Chien Nature Biotechnology (2022) Abstract The extraordinary success of mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has renewed interest in mRNA as a means of delivering therapeutic proteins. Early [...]

Pfizer eyes four-fold price hike for COVID vaccine in private US market – 21 OCT 2022 – FiercePharma. Pfizer revealed during an investor call that it is considering charging a private-market price between $110 and $130 per dose for its COVID shot Comirnaty, which was co-developed by BioNTech. The price [...]

Long-term Market Outlook Reports... Global mRNA Vaccines Market to Reach $127.3 Billion by 2027. REPORT The global market for mRNA Vaccines estimated at US$64.9 Billion in the year 2021, is projected to reach a revised size of US$127.3 Billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 11.9% over the [...]

Epidemiologist Jeremy Farrar on the Next Viral Threat “I Fear We Are at the Beginning of an Era of Pandemics” In an interview, infectious diseases expert Sir Jeremy Farrar discusses recent mutations of the coronavirus and his worries about future pandemics. He says COVID is here to stay and [...]

Peter A. Jensen, CEO & Chairman, Normax Biomed, will be speaking at The Raising Capital Summit 2022 in Dublin, Ireland, on “raising equity capital from international investors”. Mr. Jensen's session will explain how Normax Biomed is "Bridging 'The Valley of Death' with a faster and safer crossing by Securing [...]

Peter A. Jensen, CEO & Chairman, to Showcase Normax, 1x1, at Jefferies London Healthcare Conference, NOV 15 and 17 Jefferies Investor Conferences As an active and engaged participant in the financial community and the industries we serve, Jefferies hosts various investor conferences and summits throughout the year. The Jefferies [...]

Peter A. Jensen, CEO & Chairman, to Showcase Normax at LSX Investival Showcase, London, NOV 14 Connecting life science and healthcare corporates with capital and deal-makers as part of Europe’s biggest healthcare investment week. Returning for its seventh year and back in person, Inv€$tival Showcase offers up 5 incredible [...]

News Published: 09 August 2022 mRNA printers kick-start personalized medicines for all Cormac Sheridan Nature Biotechnology volume 40, pages 1160–1162 (2022)Cite this article mRNA printers will bring low-cost vaccines and made-to-order treatments for a range of different diseases. South Africa is setting up mRNA manufacture with new technologies that will ensure [...]

1 minute (overview). Key Considerations for the Development of Lipid Nanoparticles for RNA Delivery WEBINAR The success of mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 lays the path to accelerate the development of this modality for many other diseases. Key decisions must be made early in the drug development process [...]

1 minute (overview). Industry Reference Data (Public Info) TICKER    MARKET CAP (05.01.23) MRNA     $66 Billion       Moderna, Inc.  BNTX      $35 Billion        BioNTech SE ALNY      $27 Billion        Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. SRPT      $10 Billion        Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc.  IONS      $5.6 Billion        [...]

1 minute (overview). ESG Social Impact Data; COVID-19 Vaccines For the first year of vaccines, over 20 million lives are estimated to have been saved around the world December 2020-21. The Lancet The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) is a generic measure of disease burden, including both the quality [...]

1 minute (overview). "The goal is to contain outbreaks within the first 100 days before they ever have the chance to spread around the world. If we had stopped the COVID pandemic before 100 days, we could’ve saved over 98 percent of the lives lost." --- Bill [...]

"Long COVID symptom clusters 3 months after symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was 6.2%, including 3.7% for ongoing respiratory problems, 3.2% for persistent fatigue with bodily pain or mood swings, and 2.2% for cognitive problems after adjusting for health status before COVID-19." JAMA. Original Investigation. October 10, 2022 Estimated Global Proportions of [...]

More Than 12.7 Billion Shots Given: Covid-19 Tracker In the US, 613 million doses have been administered Updated: 6 October 2022 Data Source: Bloomberg Covid-19 Vaccine Tracker Open Data A note to readers: As of Oct. 5, 2022 the Bloomberg Vaccine Tracker has stopped updating, as has our GitHub page. [...]

VACCINE EQUITY. mRNA Vaccines by Normax. Save a Life for $4.00 The time for mRNA vaccine equality across the globe by Peter Jensen 8 September 2022 - Editorial featured in [...]

EDITORIAL. European Pharmaceutical Manufacturer - 8 September 2022 Peter Jensen, CEO and Chairman, Normax delves into why it’s time for mRNA vaccine equality to be established across the globe. He also goes on to explain how mRNA vaccines can help drive down the costs of vaccines, save more lives [...]

Tuberculosis (TB) truly is the scourge of humanity. Since the dawn of time, about 106 billion people have lived on earth and about 1% have died of TB. Over 1 billion people have died of TB. Tuberculosis deaths and disease increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. 27 October 2022 News [...]

Disinformation can be deadly. Links for educational purposes: The Vaccine Confidence Project Ground Truths - Dr. Eric Topol A gateway conspiracy? Belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories prospectively predicts greater conspiracist ideation - PLOS ONE Science, misinformation, and the role of education - Science Knowledge overconfidence is associated with anti-consensus [...]

Ground Truths. Dr. Eric Topol. We’ve been on a long, tortuous pandemic path together for nearly two years, and, unfortunately, there’s more to come. We’re living at a time of peak mis- and disinformation, with blurring of the lines between truths, distortions, and fabrications. In early 2020, I decided [...]

Vaccines 2020: The era of the digital vaccine is here MARIAGRAZIA PIZZA, SIMONE PECETTA and RINO RAPPUOLI SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 15 Dec 2021 Vol 13, Issue 624 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm3249 Reproduced for educational purposes. ABSTRACT The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated a renaissance in vaccinology, with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines delivering a “digital code” [...]

Wetterstrand KA. DNA Sequencing Costs: Data from the NHGRI Genome Sequencing Program (GSP) DNA Sequencing Costs: Data For many years, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) has tracked the costs associated with DNA sequencing performed at the sequencing centers funded by the Institute. This information has served as an [...]

What is a direct listing at Nasdaq? A direct listing allows companies to list on Nasdaq without concurrently raising capital. Typically, a company will list securities on a national securities exchange to provide restricted liquidity to existing shareholders and to raise capital via an Initial Public Offering (IPO). A direct [...]

1 minute (overview). Normax Purpose, Culture and Values: Our purpose is to deliver safe, effective and affordable mRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics to help save lives. Our Normax Culture. Good to embrace. Easy to understand: Persistent. Passionate. Progressive. Productive. Personal.

Our Mission Our mission is to participate as a strategic partner in the global ecosystem for transformative research, development and manufacture of safe and effective mRNA vaccines for global public health and pandemic preparedness and prevention, with competitive financial performance. Learn More

PERSPECTIVE. HENRY MARSH MD. And Finally: Matters of Life and Death As a neurosurgeon, I lived in a world filled with fear and suffering, death and cancer. But rarely, if ever, did I think about what it would be like if what I witnessed at work every day happened to [...]

PERSPECTIVE. NEW MILKY WAY GALAXY SURVEY. OPEN ACCESS. 18 JANUARY 2023. 3.32 BILLION CELESTIAL OBJECTS. The Dark Energy Camera Plane Survey 2 (DECaPS2). More Sky, Less Bias, and Better Uncertainties Astronomers have released a gargantuan survey of the galactic plane of the Milky Way. The new dataset contains a staggering [...]

Corruption Perceptions Index 2021. Source: Trancparency Interational The results at a glance This year’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) reveals that corruption levels are at a worldwide standstill. The CPI ranks 180 countries and territories around the world by their perceived levels of public sector corruption. The results are given on a [...]

GOV UK. Public spending during the Covid-19 pandemic. [£310 to £410 Billion] House of Commons Library. Research Briefing. 29 March 2022 [FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES] This briefing looks at the very high level of UK public spending on tackling the Covid-19 pandemic, including how the money was spent and where it [...]

NIH. PUBMED CENTRAL. Classification of Human Viruses DOWNLOAD PDF FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES TABLE 201.2 Families of Viruses That Infect Humans Family Name Derivation of Family Name Genome Segmentation Capsid Morphology Envelope Adenoviridae Gland dsDNA 1 Icosahedral Naked Anelloviridae Ring-shaped ssDNA(−)f 1 Icosahedral Naked Arenaviridae Sand ssRNA(−)g, h 2 Helical Enveloped Astroviridae [...]

OPEN ACCESS SCIENTIFIC REFERENCE & REVIEW DIGEST The landscape of mRNA nanomedicine - Nature Medicine - Review - 10 November 2022 Unlocking the promise of mRNA therapeutics - Nature Biotechnology - Review - 3 November 2022 Retrospectively modeling the effects of increased global vaccine sharing on the COVID-19 pandemic [...]

JAMA. Viewpoint. The COVID-19 Pandemic and the $16 Trillion Virus. 12 October 2020. David M. Cutler, PhD1;  Lawrence H. Summers, PhD2 Author Affiliations: 1Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, Massachusetts JAMA. 2020;324(15):1495-1496. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.19759 The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic is the greatest threat to prosperity and [...]

Michael Keaton delivers a powerhouse performance in the outrageous true story of Ray Kroc, the charismatic, ruthlessly ambitious entrepreneur who turned the McDonald brothers' roadside burger joint into a multi-billion dollar fast-food empire. "I know what you're thinking how the heck does a 52 year old over-the-hill milkshake machine [...]

Science Tweets For Educational Purposes Only. mRNA Vaccines and Vax Factory by Norvax for COVID-19 and Pandemic Preparedness. NOT ADVICE. NOT AN OFFER. Tweets by normaxbiomed

Innovations - The Washington Post Elon Musk: ‘With artificial intelligence we are summoning the demon.’ By Matt McFarland, October 24, 2014 at 2:37 p.m. EDT Tesla chief executive Elon Musk has warned about artificial intelligence before, tweeting that it could be more dangerous than nuclear weapons. Speaking Friday at [...]

If— By Rudyard Kipling (‘Brother Square-Toes’—Rewards and Fairies) If you can keep your head when all about you     Are losing theirs and blaming it on you, If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,     But make allowance for their doubting too; If you can [...]